Urological cancers, which include cancers of the kidneys, bladder, prostate, and testicles, require targeted and effective treatment strategies. Advances in medical technology and surgical techniques have greatly improved the management and outcomes of these cancers. Each procedure is tailored to the specific type, stage, and location of the cancer, aiming to maximize effectiveness while minimizing impact on the patient's quality of life.
1. Kidney Cancer
- Partial Nephrectomy
This procedure involves the removal of only the cancerous part of the kidney, allowing the preservation of as much healthy kidney tissue as possible.
It is often chosen for localized tumours to maintain kidney function while ensuring complete tumour removal.
- Radical Nephrectomy
When cancer is more advanced or has spread beyond the kidney, a radical nephrectomy involves the removal of the entire kidney, surrounding tissues, and sometimes nearby lymph nodes.
This can be performed via traditional open surgery or laparoscopically for less invasive access.
2. Bladder Cancer
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
TURBT is a common procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage bladder cancer.
It involves inserting a cystoscope- a thin, tube-like instrument with a camera and light, through the urethra to remove tumours from the bladder wall.
- Cystectomy
For more advanced bladder cancer, a cystectomy involves the removal of the entire bladder.
In men, this may include the prostate and seminal vesicles, while in women, it may involve the uterus and ovaries.
Urinary diversion techniques are then used to create a new method for urine excretion.
3. Prostate Cancer
- Radical Prostatectomy
This procedure involves the complete removal of the prostate gland and surrounding tissue.
It can be performed through traditional open surgery, laparoscopic methods, or robotic-assisted techniques, depending on the specific characteristics of the tumour and the patient's health.
- Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy uses freezing temperatures to eliminate cancer cells by targeting the prostate tissue.
This method is often used for localized prostate cancer or as an alternative to traditional surgery when other treatments have been ineffective.
4. Testicular Cancer
- Orchiectomy
The primary treatment for testicular cancer involves the surgical removal of one or both testicles.
This procedure helps to assess the stage of the cancer and is usually followed by additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
- Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)
When testicular cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, RPLND is performed to remove affected lymph nodes in the abdomen, aiming to prevent further cancer spread and improve treatment outcomes.
