Babies born with abnormal skull & face shape may prevent normal brain growth resulting in abnormal face development & may hamper the normal growth & development of the child. It can be corrected with surgery to restore normal child development.
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What is Pediatric Craniosynostosis?
The skull is formed by several separate bones. These skull bones are connected by specialized structures called sutures. These sutures look like seams or spaces between the skull bones. The sutures are growth centers for the skull bones. Craniosynostosis is present when one or more of the sutures closes earlier than it should cause the skull to grow into an abnormal shape.
Babies' brains grow very quickly in the first two years of life. As the brain grows it stretches the sutures which signal the sutures to make new bone. The sutures allow the skull to enlarge and create just enough space for the brain. Normally, these sutures remain open until we reach adulthood, long after the brain and skull have stopped growing. Craniosynostosis causes a baby’s skull to misshapen because the brain continues to grow at the same rate even if one or more sutures close too early.
The remaining open sutures have to grow faster to make up for the closed suture. This extra growth causes a change in head shape. In some cases, the remaining open sutures can’t grow fast enough to keep up with the brain’s growth causing abnormally high pressure in the skull, which can have negative effects on brain health. These include learning delays, blindness, and, rarely, death, if untreated.
What are the signs & symptoms of Pediatric Craniosynostosis
Following are the common signs and symptoms of pediatric craniosynostosis.
- An abnormal feeling or disappearing fontanel (soft spot on the top of the head)
- Asymmetrical, misshapen skull
- Development of a raised, hard ridge along with the skull
- Slow or no growth of the head as the baby grows
These conditions can be corrected with surgery and can restore.
What are the different types of Pediatric Craniosynostosis?
Craniosynostosis can affect babies in two different ways
- Isolated craniosynostosis: Isolated craniosynostosis known as non-syndromic craniosynostosis, is the closing of only one suture with no other associated health problems and is the most common kind of craniosynostosis.
- Syndromic craniosynostosis: Syndromes are when three or more medical problems occur in a recognizable pattern. When craniosynostosis is part of a syndrome, it is known as syndromic craniosynostosis. In these cases, there are usually two or more sutures that closed too early. Patients also have other health conditions as part of the syndrome.
