Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, which can cause infections by entering our body through airborne, mosquito-borne, contaminated food and water, sexually transmitted and blood-borne. The internal medicine department of Aster Whitefield Hospital provides medical help for several such diseases, the most common ones include;

• Dengue: Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, and rash. Treatment involves managing symptoms and preventing complications. There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue, but patients are typically advised to rest, drink plenty of fluids, and take acetaminophen for pain relief. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary. Prevention through mosquito control measures is crucial in reducing the incidence of dengue.
• Typhoid: Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi and is typically transmitted through contaminated food and water. Treatment typically involves antibiotics as well as supportive care to manage symptoms such as fever and dehydration. Prevention measures such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding risky foods and water sources can also help to prevent the spread of the disease.
• Malaria: Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain. Treatment typically involves the use of antimalarial drugs or other medications depending on the severity of the disease and the parasite's resistance to drugs. Prevention measures, such as the use of mosquito nets, and insect repellents, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites, are also essential in controlling the spread of malaria.
• Respiratory infections are caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and can affect the upper respiratory tract (e.g., the common cold) or the lower respiratory tract (e.g., pneumonia). Treatment options depend on the type and severity of infection but may include antiviral or antibiotic medications, rest, hydration, and supportive care to relieve symptoms such as fever and cough. Prevention measures such as vaccination, hand hygiene, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals can also help reduce the risk of respiratory infections.
• GI infection: Gastrointestinal infections are caused by the ingestion of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Treatment includes rehydration, antibiotics for bacterial infections, and antiparasitic or antiviral medications for other types of infections. Prevention measures include proper food handling and hygiene practices.