Frequently Asked Questions

Neonatal jaundice is a common condition in newborns and is caused by an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. While it is a normal and often temporary occurrence, some infants may be at a higher risk of developing neonatal jaundice. Risk factors may include premature birth, blood type incompatibility of the mother and baby, suboptimal breastfeeding, birth trauma, infections, conditions like cephalohematoma (collection of blood between the baby's skull and periosteum) or history of a previous sibling with neonatal jaundice. Neonatal jaundice is a self-limiting condition. However, if bilirubin levels become excessively high, it can lead to a more severe form of jaundice called kernicterus, which can cause neurological damage. Treatment options may include phototherapy or, in severe cases, exchange transfusions. Parents should communicate any concerns about jaundice with their paediatrician for appropriate evaluation and management.

Choledochal cysts are congenital cystic dilations of the bile ducts, and they can pose a risk of complications such as infection, stone formation, and an increased likelihood of developing bile duct cancer. The standard and most common treatment for choledochal cysts involves the complete removal of the cyst. The affected portion of the bile duct is resected, and the remaining healthy bile duct is reconstructed to restore normal bile flow. After removing the cyst, the surgeon often performs a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. This involves connecting the remaining bile duct to a loop of the small intestine (jejunum). This procedure allows the bile to flow from the liver into the intestine, bypassing the area where the cyst was located.

The Whipple procedure, also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, is a complex surgical procedure used to treat tumours and other diseases affecting the pancreas, as well as adjacent organs such as the duodenum, bile duct, and sometimes part of the stomach. The surgery is named after American surgeon Dr. Allen Whipple, who first performed it in the 1930s. The Whipple procedure entails the excision of the pancreatic head, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and the bile duct. After removing these structures, the surgeon reconstructs the digestive tract to allow for the flow of digestive juices and bile into the small intestine. The remaining portion of the pancreas is then attached to the digestive tract. The Whipple procedure is a challenging surgery and is usually performed by experienced surgical teams. The goal is to remove the diseased tissue while preserving as much normal pancreatic and gastrointestinal function as possible. The procedure can be curative for some patients with pancreatic cancer or other localized diseases, but it requires careful postoperative management and long-term follow-up.

Liver transplantation is indicated when a person's liver is severely damaged or failing to the extent that it can no longer perform its essential functions. The most common reasons for a liver transplant include: End-stage liver disease Liver cancer Acute liver failure Biliary atresia and paediatric liver disease Metabolic liver diseases Severe liver damage due to chronic infections like hepatitis B or C

Split liver transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a single donor liver is divided into two separate grafts, which can then be transplanted into two different recipients. This technique aims to maximize the use of available donor organs and increase the number of liver transplants performed to more Patients in the view of limited Organ Availability. The liver is a unique organ with the ability to regenerate. This characteristic allows surgeons to split a donor liver into two parts: the larger portion, typically the right lobe, is transplanted into an adult recipient, while the smaller portion, usually the left lobe, is transplanted into a pediatric recipient or small size adult. Both portions of the liver will regenerate to near-normal size within a few weeks to months after transplantation.

The timeframe for experiencing improvement varies among individuals. Some patients may notice relief within a few days to weeks after the injection, while others may require more time to see significant benefits. The duration of pain relief and improvement in symptoms can vary. Some patients may experience longlasting benefits for several months to years, while others may require periodic injections to maintain results.

Benefits may include reduced pain, improved function and mobility, decreased inflammation, and potential regeneration of damaged cartilage, leading to long-term relief and improved quality of life.

The procedure involves Drawing a small amount of blood from the patient Processing it to concentrate the growth factors Then injecting the concentrated solution directly into the affected knee joint under sterile conditions, often guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound.

Patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee who have not responded adequately to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medication, and corticosteroid injections may be candidates for growth factor injections.

Commonly used growth factors include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).