Melanoma

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm arising from melanocytes, represents the most lethal form of skin cancer despite accounting for less than 5% of cutaneous malignancies. Risk factors include ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, genetic predisposition (e.g., CDKN2A mutations), and a personal or family history of melanoma.

Why should you choose Aster Hospitals?

Aster Hospitals has emerged as a global leader in oncology by merging cutting-edge technology with patient-centric care. Unlike conventional cancer centers, Aster’s approach integrates AI-driven diagnostics, precision immunotherapy, and real-time genomic sequencing to tailor treatments for each patient. Aster’s oncologist pioneered neoadjuvant immunotherapy protocols, shrinking tumors before surgery to improve outcomes. Beyond treatment, the hospital’s 360° Care Model addresses psychosocial needs through on-site counseling and nutritional support. Aster exemplifies how innovation and empathy can coexist in modern medicine.

Types of Melanoma

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

• The most common type (70% of cases)
• Presents as irregular, asymmetrical lesions with color variation (brown, black, red)

Nodular Melanoma

• Aggressive subtype (15-20% of cases)
• Characterized by rapid vertical growth; often appears as a raised, dark nodule

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

• Develops from lentigo maligna (precancerous lesion)
• Common in elderly patients with chronic sun exposure (face, neck)

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

• Occurs on non-sun-exposed areas: palms, soles, nail beds (subungual)
• Most prevalent in individuals with darker skin tones

Desmoplastic Melanoma

• Rare variant (1-4% of cases) with fibrous stroma
• Often amelanotic (non-pigmented), mimicking scars or benign tumors

Mucosal Melanoma

• Arises in mucous membranes (oral, nasal, genital)
• Aggressive behavior; often diagnosed at advanced stages

Uveal Melanoma

• Develops in the eye (choroid, iris, ciliary body)
• No association with UV exposure; linked to GNAQ/GNA11 mutations

Signs and Symptoms

Key indicators follow the ABCDE rule:

• Asymmetry: Irregular shape
• Border: Jagged or blurred edges
• Color: Multiple shades (brown, black, red, white)
• Diameter: >6 mm (pencil eraser size)

Evolving: Changes in size, texture, or symptoms (itching/bleeding)