World Parkinson’s Day
Every April 11th, the world comes together to observe World Parkinson’s Day, a poignant reminder of the challenges faced by nearly 10 million people worldwide living with the condition. Named after the pioneering British physician James Parkinson, who first documented its symptoms in 1817, this neurodegenerative disorder profoundly impacts individuals, families, and society at large. As the second most rapidly growing neurodegenerative brain disease globally, Parkinson's exacts a heavy toll, resulting in progressive disability and imposing substantial economic burdens.
How is Parkinson's disease characterized?
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. This loss of neurons disrupts the brain's intricate network responsible for coordinating movement, leading to a myriad of symptoms. While ageing remains the primary risk factor, environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides and chemicals also play a role in its development. As the elderly population grows, it is anticipated that Parkinson's cases will multiply substantially by 2040. While typically diagnosed around age 60, a small percentage of patients are identified at a younger age, with the number of affected individuals rising as age advances, often until around 85 years old. Men are twice as likely to be affected as women, further highlighting the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
What are symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's symptoms may go unnoticed for several years before an official diagnosis is made, as the disease evolves and progresses slowly. Typically, symptoms manifest when dopamine secretion decreases by over 50%. In some cases, signs may emerge years before the typical symptoms of Parkinson’s, such as chronic constipation, smell disorders, and sleep abnormalities.
Parkinson's disease often manifests initially with tremors, commonly affecting the hands but occasionally observed in the lips and toes, followed by rigidity, making movement difficult, and bradykinesia, leading to slowed bodily actions and cognitive processes, often mistaken for signs of ageing. Additionally, postural instability may cause balance issues and falls. These symptoms progress gradually, often accompanied by forgetfulness, reduced speech volume, altered sleep patterns, and changes in walking style and posture, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life.
How to Diagnose Parkinson's Disease?
Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical evaluation, sometimes supplemented by DAT or MRI scans, as other brain disorders can mimic Parkinson's. While a permanent cure remains elusive, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving patient well-being. Medications such as Levodopa are commonly prescribed initially, though their efficacy may diminish over time, accompanied by side effects. For those with inadequate drug response or troublesome side effects, surgical options like Deep Brain Stimulation provide relief. Complementary therapies, including regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and caregiver support, play a crucial role in holistic disease management.
In conclusion, World Parkinson’s Day serves as a beacon of hope, rallying individuals, healthcare professionals, and communities worldwide to unite in the fight against Parkinson's disease. By increasing awareness, promoting early detection, and advancing research efforts, we can strive towards a future where Parkinson's no longer imposes barriers to living life to the fullest. Together, let us shine a light on awareness and ignite hope for a brighter tomorrow for those living with Parkinson's disease.
