Neurology

If the patient has

Headache
Vomiting
Tingling
Numbness
Burning or pricking sensation or loss of sensation
Weakness of limbs
Facial deviation
Speech and swallowing disturbances
Memory disturbances
Sleep disturbances
Seizures
Abnormal movements
Back and neck pain, etc.

Diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases by complete neurological examination and investigations.

Most of the neurological disorders are curable.

Patients having two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, are termed to be having epilepsy.

Sometimes it is difficult to determine when a person is having a seizure. A person with a seizure may look confused or as if they are staring at something that is not there. Other seizures can cause a person to fall, shake, and become unaware of what’s going on around them.

Seizures are classified into two groups.

Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain.
Focal seizures affect just one area of the brain. These seizures are also called partial seizures.

Epilepsy can be caused due to various conditions that affect a person’s brain. Some known causes include:

Stroke
Brain tumor
Traumatic brain injury or head injury
The cause of epilepsy is unknown for 2 in 3 people. This kind of epilepsy is termed as cryptogenic or idiopathic.
Developmental anomalies of the brain
Hereditary causes
Loss of oxygen to your brain. Example: Birth time

The pre-surgical evaluation consists of various domains. Most important is video EEG followed by investigations like MRI, PET scan, SPECT scan. This MRI scan performed here is not the regular MRI but a customized scan which will depend on recordings of your video EEG. A neuropsychological assessment is also a vital part of presurgical evaluation which gives important insight into the localization and potential problems you will be having after surgery. Once all these investigations are ready, it is generally discussed in meetings to reach a consensus about the plan.

Neurologist opinion is required when the patient has signs and symptoms of disorders related to the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles<

Unexpected numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden in trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination.

Epilepsy is defined as having two or more unprovoked seizures.

The risk rises as age increases, especially after age 65. However, dementia is not a normal part of ageing, and dementia can occur in younger people. Family history. Having a family history of dementia puts you at greater risk of developing the condition.

Epilepsy, the fourth most common neurological disorder, affects people of all ages and can cause unpredictable seizures.

The pharmacological armamentarium against epilepsy has expanded considerably over the last three decades, and currently includes over 30 different antiseizure medications. The new medications which have been added over the past decade by the FDA include Brivaracetam (Levetiracetam derivative), Perampanel (AMPA antagonist), Cenobamate (Carbamate derivative), Everolimus (Rapamycin derivative), Fenfluramine (Amphetamine derivative) and Cannabidiol (Cannabinoid). Among these Brivaracetam and Perampanel are available in India.

The treatment gap in epilepsy in India ranges from 22% in the urban setting to as high as 90% in villages. The treatment gap has 2 components- People unable to access healthcare services and People who do not adhere to appropriate medical therapy.

One million Indians have medically refractory seizures. Approximately 5 -6 lakh people are candidates for epilepsy surgery in India. Still... Just about 500-600 epilepsy surgeries per year are performed.

Neurological disorders are differentiated based on the following:

• Genetic defects: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy can run in families.
• Anatomic or structural defects: Bell's palsy, cervical spondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome.
• Degenerative changes due to age: stroke, dementia, precipitation of Parkinson's.
• Blood supply issues(vascular) like brain damage, memory loss, and vascular dementia.
• Cancer: paraneoplastic disorders of the nervous tissues can cause problems like loss of consciousness, loss of muscle movement, thinking, memory, and sensory perception.
• Injuries and trauma related: can be due to physical(acute spinal cord injury, ALS, Ataxia) or emotional trauma(adverse childhood experiences can precipitate neurological symptoms).
• Infections: several viral infections can cause neurological disorders like meningitis, encephalitis, chickenpox, and polio.
• Seizure disorders: epilepsy.

Neurological disorders hamper the quality of life, are severe, and can be fatal. Though most are still incurable, many treatment outcomes depend on causative factors. With advanced medical procedures and palliative care, many symptoms can be improved and reversed in some cases.

Your spine connects your limbs and lower body to the brain with the help of nerve fibers and nervous tissue. Any damage to the spine can cause neurological disorders and vice versa. Spinal cord disorders have the potential to cause long-term & severe neurological issues.

It is one of the bigger domains of neuroscience that deals with nervous system disorders of the brain, blood vessels, muscles and nerves.

Some of the most common neurological disorders are:

• Stroke
• Migraine
• Parkinson’s disease
• Epilepsy
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Muscular Dystrophies 
• Peripheral Neuropathy.

Common signs and symptoms of neurological disorders include:

• Complete or partial paralysis
• Weakness in muscles
• Pain without any injury 
• Poor cognitive skills and difficulty in reading and writing
• Seizures.

Neurosurgeon - Neurosurgeons are doctors who use surgical and nonsurgical treatments to treat injuries and conditions related to the brain, spine, and nervous system. Some of the most common conditions treated by neurosurgeons are :

• Aneurysm
• Blocked arteries
• Brain tumor
• Spinal surgery.

Neurologist - They are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment and management of the conditions related to the nervous system such as:

• Sleep disorders
• Headaches 
• Strokes
• Brain Tumours 
• Epilepsy 
• Injuries and infections related to brain and spinal cord
• Alzheimer's disease
• Multiple sclerosis and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease)
• Pain in the back 
• Seizures
• Parkinson’s disease.

A common difference between a neurologist and a neurosurgeon is that, a neurologist can only monitor and supervise the treatment and can refer patients to neurosurgeons who require a surgery. 

Neurologists utilize various advancements and technologies such as functional MRI, PET scans, and EEG to diagnose and understand neurological conditions. Additionally, they may use telemedicine for remote patient consultations and are increasingly incorporating precision medicine and genetic testing into their practice.

When consulting a neurologist, consider asking about the nature of your specific neurological condition, available treatment options, potential side effects of medications, long-term prognosis, and any lifestyle modifications that may help manage the condition effectively.

For your first neurologist appointment, it's beneficial to organize your medical history, list of current medications, and any relevant diagnostic test results. Consider preparing a list of symptoms, questions about your condition, and bringing a trusted family member or friend for support.

Neurologists play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing disorders of the nervous system. They provide expert guidance, develop treatment plans, monitor a patient's progress, and, when necessary, collaborate with other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive care for the patient's neurological condition.

Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body. They often treat conditions such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. If you need to consult a neurologist in Kochi, contact us

Some of the most common neurological diseases are:

• Headaches: tension and cluster
• Stroke
• Seizures
• Parkinson's
• Dementia

Your neuro physician will first ask about your general health, medical history, family history, lifestyle, diet, and current symptoms.

An MRI test can take 15 minutes to 1.5 hours, depending upon the area of the target organ.

Neurologists diagnose and comprehend neurological problems by using a variety of technological innovations and breakthroughs, including functional MRI, PET scans, and EEG. They may also employ telemedicine to conduct remote patient consultations, and they are gradually integrating genetic testing and precision medicine into their practice.

For your first visit to a neurologist, being well-prepared is key to ensuring a productive session. Here's a list of important documents and information to bring with you:

Referral Letter: If your primary care doctor or another specialist referred you to the neurologist, make sure to bring the referral letter or any communication from them. This letter usually contains important information about your medical concern and why you’re being referred.

Medical Records and Previous Tests: Include any relevant medical history, previous tests, or imaging studies related to your neurological concerns. This can include MRIs, CT scans, EEGs, or blood test results. If you don’t have the physical copies, ensure the neurologist’s office has access to these records before your appointment.

List of Current Medications: Provide a detailed list of all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and prescriptions, along with their dosages. This is crucial as it helps the neurologist understand what treatments you are already on and avoid potential drug interactions.

Symptom Diary: If applicable, keep a diary of your symptoms, noting what symptoms you experience, their frequency, triggers, and duration. This can provide valuable insights into your condition for the neurologist.

Insurance Information: Bring your insurance card or any other health benefit cards. It’s also a good idea to know what your insurance covers regarding neurology visits, treatments, and procedures.

Identification: A government-issued photo ID (such as a driver’s license or passport) is usually required for registration at the doctor’s office.

Questions or Concerns: Write down any questions or concerns you have to ensure you don’t forget to discuss them during your visit. These can include questions about your symptoms, treatment options, and the impact on your daily life.

Family Medical History: Information about your family’s medical history, especially any neurological diseases, can be important for your diagnosis and treatment plan.

It is helpful to have your medical history, current prescription list, and any pertinent diagnostic test findings organized for your initial visit with a neurologist. Prepare a list of your symptoms, ask questions on your health, and bring a support person who you can trust, such as a family member or friend.

To decide on the appropriate course of action, neurologists carefully consider a patient's symptoms, medical history, and the findings of any diagnostic tests. In accordance with the particular neurological disease and the requirements of each patient, they might recommend medication, physical therapy, or other measures.

Neurologists are essential in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system illnesses. To provide complete care for the patient's neurological condition, they offer professional advice, create treatment plans, keep track of a patient's progress, and, when needed, work in conjunction with other medical specialists.

A neurologist is a physician who specialises in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the neurological system, including the brain and spinal cord. To control symptoms and enhance patient outcomes, they conduct physical examinations, request diagnostic testing, and write prescriptions for drugs.

It is crucial to enquire about your disease, available treatments, and any possible adverse effects while seeing a neurologist. "What are the potential causes of my indications?" is one of the most important queries. "Which therapies are the most effective for the requirements?" and "What possible adverse effects may take place?

Conditions including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraines, and stroke are frequently treated by neurologists in Tirupati at Aster Narayanadri. They also take care of ailments that impact the neurological system, including peripheral neuropathy and the brain, like Alzheimer's disease.

You should consider seeing a neurologist if you are experiencing symptoms like headaches, nausea, vomiting, tingling in your arms or legs, seizures, and episodes of losing consciousness. It is important to note that these symptoms could indicate serious neurological problems and require immediate medical attention.

As specialists in diagnosing and treating disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system, neurologists in Tirupati at Aster Narayanadri play a vital part in their patients' medical journeys. They collaborate closely with healthcare professionals to create individualised treatment programmes, track advancements, and adjust for optimal outcomes.

A neurologist in Guntur at Aster Ramesh considers multiple factors before deciding on the treatment plan. It involves analysing patients’ medical history, current medications, and previous treatment reports. Based on the examination, neurologists provide treatments in the form of medications and therapies.

Neurologists at Aster Ramesh use advanced technologies, such as ECG and MRI machines, CT scanners, EMG machines, ultrasound machines, neuro sonography devices, PSGs, and OCT devices to accurately diagnose underlying neurological conditions in patients.

You are advised to carry medical reports and results of previous treatments, referral letters from other physicians, any medical document regarding any genetic disorder you may have, and a list of issues/ symptoms you experience. These documents can help neurologists offer better diagnosis for your symptoms.

Patients are advised to arrive earlier than the appointment time to effectively manage every step before the visit. Also, remember to wear comfortable clothes, as a physical examination might be necessary. Lastly, when asked, provide complete medical information related to your medical history and the symptoms you are currently experiencing.

A neurologist is a medical specialist who treats, diagnoses and manages severe conditions related to the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. They conduct various neurological tests to gain insights into patients’ medical conditions and the root cause of their symptoms. Based on their analysis, they offer medicinal and therapeutic treatment to patients.

Patients must ask about potential risks associated with the treatment options, the recovery process, treatment duration, underlying cause for the problem, post-treatment appointment requirements, reactions to monitor after therapy/ treatment, and lifestyle modifications that can be made to improve quality of life.

Top neurologists at Aster Ramesh specialise in diagnosing and treating several neurological conditions, including brain tumours, tremors, facial pain syndrome, sleep disorders, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, neck and back pain, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy.

Patients must consider seeing a neurologist in Ongole at Aster Ramesh when experiencing symptoms like vision problems, burning in any body part, numbness, seizures, memory disturbances, difficulty swallowing or chewing, vertigo, or loss of consciousness. These symptoms can indicate underlying neurological problems and require immediate medical attention.

From identifying the root cause of the current symptoms and addressing severe conditions to conducting neurological tests and providing comprehensive treatment care, top neurologists in Ongole at Aster Ramesh Hospital play a vital role in positively impacting the patient’s recovery process and overall lifestyle with comprehensive care.

The treatment plan decision involves thorough consideration of patients’ medical conditions, genetic disorders, current symptoms and medications, and available treatment options based on neurological test reports and results. Based on the patient’s underlying health condition, other medical professionals may also be brought in before developing the personalised treatment plan.

Neurologists at Aster Ramesh are equipped with modern medical equipment, including MRI machines, lumbar puncture kits, CT scanners, EMG machines, NCS equipment, EEG machines, ultrasound machines, and neurological exam tools like ophthalmoscopes, reflex hammers, and tuning forks.

When planning an appointment with a neurologist, you are advised to carry all your medical documents related to your medical history and genetic disorders, reports of past treatments and diagnoses, referral letters from other physicians, and a list of your current medications and symptoms.

You must prepare by carrying all relevant medical documents and penning down symptoms and specific events where you felt uneasy. You should also be ready to provide complete medical information to the neurologist, whatever you think could impact the treatment option decisions. Lastly, remember to wear comfortable clothes and arrive before the decided time of appointment.

A neurologist diagnoses and treats disorders related to the nervous system. This includes neurological problems associated with the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system of the body. Neurologists leverage advanced medical technologies and treat patients suffering from severe conditions like epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, migraines, and Alzheimer’s disease. 

You must ask questions related to the symptoms you face, the root cause of the problems you are experiencing, possible treatment options you can avail of, risks and potential side effects associated with the treatments, and lifestyle modifications you can try to improve your quality of life.

Severe conditions that top neurologists at Aster Ramesh Hospital commonly treat include brain tumours, tremors, sleep disorders, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, neck and back pain, multiple sclerosis, facial pain syndromes, epilepsy, migraines, and multiple sclerosis.

You must consider seeing a neurologist in Vijayawada MG Road at Aster Ramesh when you experience vision problems, numbness, seizures, memory disturbances, vertigo, difficulty swallowing and chewing, burning in any body part, loss of consciousness, or no sensation of taste and smell.

From identifying the root cause of severe conditions and conducting neurological tests to treating the conditions by providing required medications and therapies, neurologists at Aster Ramesh provide a comprehensive treatment plan to patients, ensuring their speedy and effective recovery.

Neurologists are crucial when it comes to the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system illnesses. To provide complete care for the patient's neurological condition, they offer professional advice, create treatment plans, keep track of a patient's progress, and, when needed, work in conjunction with other medical specialists.

Neurologists carefully evaluate a patient's symptoms, medical history, and the findings of any diagnostic tests. In accordance with the particular neurological disease and the requirements of each patient, they might recommend medication, physical therapy, or other measures.

It is helpful to carry your medical history, current prescription list, and any pertinent diagnostic test findings organized for your initial visit with a neurologist. Prepare a list of your symptoms, ask questions on your health, and bring a support person who you can trust, such as a family member or friend.

For your first visit to a neurologist, being well-prepared is key to ensuring a productive session. Here's a list of important documents and information to bring with you:

Medical Records and Previous Tests: Carry any relevant medical history, previous tests, or imaging studies related to your neurological concerns. This can include MRIs, CT scans, EEGs, or blood test results. If you don’t have the physical copies, ensure the neurologist’s office has access to these records before your appointment.

List of Current Medications: Provide a detailed list of all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and prescriptions, along with their dosages. This is crucial as it helps the neurologist understand what treatments you are already on and avoid potential drug interactions.

Symptom Diary: If applicable, keep a diary of your symptoms, noting what symptoms you experience, their frequency, triggers, and duration. This can provide valuable insights into your condition for the neurologist.

Insurance Information: Bring your insurance card or any other health benefit cards. It’s also a good idea to know what your insurance covers regarding neurology visits, treatments, and procedures.

Identification: A government-issued photo ID (such as a driver’s license or passport) is usually required for registration at the doctor’s office.

Questions or Concerns: Write down any questions or concerns you have to ensure you don’t forget to discuss them during your visit. These can include questions about your symptoms, treatment options, and the impact on your daily life.

Family Medical History: Information about your family’s medical history, especially any neurological diseases, can be important for your diagnosis and treatment plan.

Neurologists study neurological problems by using a variety of technological innovations and breakthroughs, including functional MRI, PET scans, and EEG. They may also employ telemedicine to conduct remote patient consultations, and they are gradually integrating genetic testing and precision medicine into their practice.

Neurologists are important when it comes to the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system illnesses. To provide complete care, they offer professional advice, create treatment plans, keep track of a patient's progress, and, when needed, work in conjunction with other medical specialists.

Neurologists carefully diagnose a patient's symptoms, medical history, and the findings of any diagnostic tests. Depending on the particular neurological disease and the requirements of each patient, they might recommend medication, physical therapy, or other measures.

Carry your medical history, current prescription list, and any pertinent diagnostic test findings organized for your initial visit with a neurologist. Prepare a list of your symptoms, ask questions on your health, and bring a support person who you can trust, such as a family member or friend.

For your first visit to a neurologist, be well-prepared to ensure a productive session.The following is a list of essential papers and information you should bring:

Medical Records and Prior Tests: Keep any pertinent medical records pertaining to your neurological concerns, as well as any prior tests or imaging studies. This covers blood tests, EEGs, CT scans, and MRIs. Make sure the neurologist's office has access to these records prior to your appointment if you do not have the physical copies.

List of Current Medications: Give a thorough list of all the prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements you currently take, along with their dosages. This is important because it helps the neurologist prevent possible drug interactions and understand what treatments you are currently receiving.

Symptom Diary: If you feel the need, record your symptoms in a journal by listing the symptoms you have, how often you get them, what triggers them, and how long they last. This can give the neurologist important information about your condition.

Please bring your insurance card and any other cards that you may have for health benefits. It's also a good idea to find out what visits, treatments, and procedures related to neurology are covered by your insurance.

Identification: In order to register at the doctor's office, you typically need a government-issued photo ID, like a passport or driver's license.

Family Medical History: Information about your family’s medical history, especially any neurological diseases, can be important for your diagnosis and treatment plan.

Neurologists study neurological problems by using various technological innovations and breakthroughs, including functional MRI, PET scans, and EEG. They are gradually incorporating precision medicine and genetic testing into their practice, and they may use telemedicine to perform remote patient consultations.

Neurologists are important when it comes to the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system illnesses. To provide complete care, they offer professional advice, create treatment plans, keep track of a patient's progress, and, when needed, work in conjunction with other medical specialists.

Neurologists carefully diagnose a patient's symptoms, medical history, and the findings of any diagnostic tests. Depending on the particular neurological disease and the requirements of each patient, they might recommend medication, physical therapy, or other measures.

Take your current prescription list, your medical history and specific diagnostic test findings for your initial visit with a neurologist. Prepare a list of your symptoms, ask questions on your health, and bring a support person who you can trust, such as a family member or friend.

The following is a list of essential papers and information you should bring:

List of Current Medications: Give an extensive breakdown of all the prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements you currently take, along with their dosages. This is important because it helps the neurologist prevent possible drug interactions and understand what treatments you are currently receiving.

Medical Records and Previous Tests: Carry any relevant medical history, previous tests, or imaging studies related to your neurological concerns. This includes MRIs, CT scans, EEGs, and blood tests.
Make sure the neurologist's office has access to these records prior to your appointment if you do not have the physical copies.

Symptom Diary: If you feel the need, record your symptoms in a journal by listing the symptoms you have, how often you get them, what triggers them, and how long they last. This can give the neurologist important information about your condition.

Please bring your insurance card and any other cards that you may have for health benefits. It's also a good idea to find out what visits, treatments, and procedures related to neurology are covered by your insurance.

Identification: In order to register at the doctor's office, you typically need a government-issued photo ID, like a passport or driver's license.

Family Medical History: Information about your family’s medical history, especially any neurological diseases, can be important for your diagnosis and treatment plan.

Neurologists utilize innovations such as functional MRI, PET scans, and EEG. Additionally, they may use telemedicine to consult with patients remotely, and they are gradually incorporating precision medicine and genetic testing into their practice.

Neurologists provide complete care, create treatment plans, keep track of a patient's progress, and, when needed, work in conjunction with other medical specialists.

Neurologists carefully diagnose a patient's symptoms, medical history, and the findings of any diagnostic tests. Depending on the particular neurological disease and the requirements of each patient, they might recommend medication, physical therapy, or other measures.

Carry your medical history, current prescription list, and any pertinent diagnostic test findings organized for your initial visit with a neurologist. Prepare a list of your symptoms, ask questions on your health, and bring a support person who you can trust, such as a family member or friend.

Symptom Diary: Keep a symptom diary, if applicable, recording the symptoms you encounter, including their frequency, causes, and length. The neurologist may gain important insights into your condition from this.

List of Current Medications: Please supply a comprehensive list of all the prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements you are currently taking, along with a detailed note of each one's dosage. This is important because it keeps the neurologist informed about the medications you are currently taking and helps prevent drug interactions.

Identification: In order to register at the doctor's office, you typically need a government-issued photo ID, like a passport or driver's license.

Questions or Concerns: Make a note of any queries or worries you may have to make sure you bring them up during your visit. These may concern inquiries into your symptoms, available treatments, and how they affect your day-to-day activities.

Neurologists study neurological problems by using various technological innovations and breakthroughs, including functional MRI, PET scans, and EEG. They are progressively incorporating precision medicine and genetic testing into their practice, and they may also use telemedicine to perform remote patient consultations.

Following a comprehensive assessment that encompasses a medical history, a physical examination, and frequent neurological testing, a neurologist in Kottakkal at Aster MIMS will formulate a treatment regimen predicated on the diagnosis. Depending on the individual illness, this might entail medication, therapy, lifestyle modifications, or even surgery.

To identify a range of neurological diseases, neurologist in Kottakkal, Aster MIMS use cutting edge technology such as nerve conduction tests, CT scans, MRIs, and EEGs. For certain ailments, they also use cutting-edge treatments including gene therapy and deep brain stimulation.

Any pertinent medical documents, such as past test results, prescription lists, and notes on symptoms and their progression over time, are helpful to have with you. It might also be helpful to bring along someone from your family or friend for support. For more information, you can connect with the hospital staff before your visit.

Make a note of all of your symptoms before your visit, including when they first appeared, how frequently they happened, and anything that appears to set them off. Bring a notepad so you may take notes and jot down whatever queries you may have.

Neurologists are medical experts who diagnose and treat severe medical disorders related to the brain and the nervous system. They conduct neurological exams to identify a patient’s sleep disorders, sensation, speech, voice, and hearing, using a wide range of medicinal and therapeutic treatment options to treat patients.

Patients are advised to ask about potential risks associated with treatment plans, the time duration of the treatment process, the recovery process, the root cause of the problems, the number of appointments required to see after treatment, and other related issues related to their medical conditions and severity.

Neurologists diagnose and treat diseases like brain tumours, tremors, sleep disorders, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, neck and back pain, multiple sclerosis, facial pain syndromes, and epilepsy. These conditions may even require surgical treatment, which is prescribed by neurologists to be performed by neurosurgeons.

If you’re experiencing symptoms like no taste or nose senses, vision problems, numbness, seizures, memory disturbances, vertigo, difficulty swallowing or chewing, burning in any body part, or loss of consciousness, you should consider seeing a neurologist.

Neurologists in Kollam at Aster PMF Hospital conduct various steps to ensure patients' comprehensive care. They diagnose critical nervous system illnesses and provide the best medical treatments, providing comprehensive care to patients. They also refer patients to neurosurgeons in case surgical treatment is required.