Tobacco in India
India is home to one of the largest populations of tobacco users in the world. According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2016-17, about 28.6% of adults (15 years and older) in India use tobacco in some form, including smokeless tobacco, smoking, and dual use. This translates to approximately 267 million individuals. The prevalence of tobacco use is higher among males (42.4%) compared to females (14.2%). The economic burden of tobacco use is substantial. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare estimates that the economic costs attributable to tobacco use from all diseases in India in 2011 amounted to INR 1,04,500 crores. This includes direct healthcare costs and indirect costs related to lost productivity due to illness and premature death.
Health Effects of Tobacco Use :
Tobacco use is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India, contributing to a range of serious health conditions:
- Respiratory Diseases:
Tobacco smoke contains numerous harmful chemicals that damage the respiratory system. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and lung cancer are among the most severe consequences of smoking. Additionally, smokeless tobacco is linked to oral cancers and other respiratory issues.
- Cardiovascular Diseases:
Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. It accelerates the atherosclerotic process, leading to increased risks of heart attacks and other cardiovascular events.
- Cancers:
Tobacco use is associated with various types of cancer, not just limited to the lungs. Oral, throat, esophageal, bladder, and pancreatic cancers are significantly linked to tobacco use. Smokeless tobacco also increases the risk of cancers of the oral cavity and esophagus.
- Reproductive Health Issues:
Tobacco use affects reproductive health, leading to complications such as reduced fertility, complications during pregnancy, and adverse birth outcomes like low birth weight and preterm births.
- Other Health Effects:
Beyond the major diseases, tobacco use contributes to a myriad of health problems including hypertension, diabetes complications, and impaired immune function
